By 1530, when a summit conference of Reformation convened in Augsburg to draw up a common statement of faith, leadership of the movement had begun to pass out of Luther's hands. The reformer was still an outlaw and unable to attend. The task of presenting Lutheranism fell to a young professor of Greek at Wittenberg — Philip Melanchthon. The young scholar drafted the Augsburg Confession signed by Lutheran princes and theologians.
[tags]Augsburg-Confession, BlogRodent, church-history, ChurchRodent, history, Lutheranism, Philip, Reformation[/tags]
In 1305 the College of Cardinals elected a Frenchman, the Archbishop of Bordeaux, as Pope Clement V. This was during King Philip's reign in France, and Clement never set foot in Rome, preferring to stay closer to home, where he was always accessible to royal bidding.
[tags]BlogRodent, church-history, ChurchRodent, Clement-V, history, Philip[/tags]
In the fourteenth Century, Edward ruled in England while Philip the Fair ruled in France. Both were strong and self-assured, and at odds with each other over lands in France still under English control. To finance their costly campaigns, Edward and Philip hit upon the same solution: tax the clergy within their realms. When Pope Boniface in 1296 threatened excommunication for any lay ruler who taxed the clergy and any churchman who paid those taxes without papal consent Edward decreed that if the clergy did not pay, they would be stripped of all legal protection, and their extensive properties would be seized by the king's sheriffs. Boniface backed down.
[tags]BlogRodent, Boniface, church-history, ChurchRodent, Edward-I, history, Philip[/tags]
In 1692 Philip Spener welcomed an invitation from the elector of Brandenburg to move to Berlin. That same year he persuaded Frederick, the future king of Prussia, to invite August Hermann Francke (12663-1727) to become a professor at the new University of Halle. Francke soon rose to leadership of the Pietist movement, though Spener continued writing and preaching until his death in February 1705. At Halle, Francke pioneered an array of spiritual and social ministries. The University became the hub of a host of Pietist ministries. Francke's compassion for the neglected led him to begin a school for the poor. He also established an orphanage and bought a tavern and adjunct land to build a hospital. His on-going work included a Latin school for talented boys, a house for widows, a house for unmarried women, a medical dispensary, a book depot, a printing establishment, and a Bible house.
[tags]August-Hermann-Francke, BlogRodent, church-history,
On Luther's death, Philip Melanchthon (1497-1560) took over the theological leadership of the movement he had begun. Melanchthon taught Greek, first in Tubingen, then at the University of Wittenberg. There in 1518 he met Luther, changing Melanchthon from a humanist into a theologian and reformer. Gifted for logical consistency and wide knowledge of history, Melanchthon's influence on Protestantism was in certain ways even greater than Luther's.
Melanchthon publicly supported Luther at the Leipzig Disputation (1519). When Luther was away from Wittenberg, Philip represented and defended him. In 1521, he wrote the Commonplaces (Loci Communes), the first book which described the teachings of the Reformation. He also contributed to Luther's German translation of the Bible.
At Marbur (1529) Melanchthon opposed Zwingli. He claimed that the service of holy communion was more than a memorial. Melancththon was responsible for the Augsburg Confession (1530), which remains the chief statement of faith
A Jew, one of Jesus' twelve disciples. One of the first seven deacons (Gk. diakonos) appointed by the early church to oversee stewardship.
[tags]BlogRodent, church-history, ChurchRodent, history, Jesus, Philip[/tags]
The king of France during the turn of the 14th century. In 1296, Pope Boniface VIII issued a Clericis Laicos threatening excommunication for any lay ruler who taxed the clergy and any churchman who paid those taxes without papal consent. But Philip, with King Edward of England, resisted and he put an embargo on the export of all gold, silver, and jewels from his domains, depriving the papal treasury of a major source of revenue from church collections in France. Boniface eventually backed down. The rivalry between Philip and Boniface waged on until Philip's troops eventually so shamed Boniface that he died.
[tags]BlogRodent, Boniface, church-history, ChurchRodent, history, Philip, Philip-the-Fair[/tags]
When Philip Spener (1635-1705) preached from the Sermon on the Mount in 1669 (after several years of ministry) in Frankfort, revival broke out among his parishioners. Soon Spener gathered a little company of dedicated believers in his house twice weekly for reading of Scripture and religious conversion. These meetings were soon called in scorn "gatherings of the pious", and "Pietism" was born. In his introduction to Johann Arndt's published sermons, Spener recommended the establishment of Bible study groups for spiritual development; a strenuous, rather ascetic Christian life; greater care for the Christian character of theological students; and simpler and more spiritual preaching. Later, with Spener and Hermann Francke at the new University of Halle, the Pietist movement really got afoot. The university became the hub of a host of Pietist ministries.
The later phase of Pietism is dominated by Count von Zinzendorf (1700-1760) when the remains of the old
King of England. In 1187 Saladin, the Sultan of Egypt and Syria, brought fresh and vigorous leadership to the Muslims. When Jerusalem fell to the infidels, Christians with some reluctance responded to the cry for the Third Crusade (1189). King Richard was one of its three leaders. Eventually, as Frederick was drowned, and when Philip returned home, King Richard and Saladin remained the chief protagonists.
[tags]BlogRodent, church-history, ChurchRodent, history, Philip, Richard-the-Lion-Hearted, Saladin[/tags]
(1759-1833)
Leader of the "Clapham Sect." At twenty-five he experienced a striking conversion after reading Philip Doddridge's Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul. Prime Minister William Pitt once said he had the greatest natural eloquence he had ever known. Some called him "the nightingale of the House of Commons." Under his leadership the Clapham Sect was knit together in intimacy and solidarity. Under his guidance and leadership this little group was singularly successful in aiding the abolishment of slavery in England, and their emancipation.
[tags]BlogRodent, church-history, ChurchRodent, Clapham-Sect, history, Philip, William-Wilberforce[/tags]
