Jansenism
The most aggressive opposition to the "cheap grace" of the French Jesuits came from a movement called Jansenism. Cornelius Jansen (1585-1638) was a Dutchman who had adopted St. Augustine’s views of sin and grace at the University of Louvain. He came to believe that the best way to defend Catholicism against the Calvinist challenge was to return to the doctrines of the great North African Father Augustine and establish a rigorous moral code for the Catholic clergy to combat the easy-going ethics of the Jesuits. The Jesuits called it Calvinism in Catholic garb.
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